Friday, October 10, 2025

100 advanced MCQs on Electrical Engineering Materials

 201. Which of the following materials exhibits both magnetic and electrical properties?

A) Ferrites
B) Copper
C) Glass
D) Graphite
Ans: A

202. The domain theory of magnetism was proposed by
A) Maxwell
B) Weiss
C) Faraday
D) Tesla
Ans: B

203. In semiconductors, current conduction takes place due to
A) Free electrons only
B) Holes only
C) Free electrons and holes
D) Ions
Ans: C

204. The relaxation time in metals depends on
A) Temperature
B) Impurities
C) Lattice vibration
D) All of the above
Ans: D

205. The dielectric constant of water is approximately
A) 1
B) 10
C) 80
D) 100
Ans: C

206. Which of the following has a negative temperature coefficient of resistance?
A) Semiconductor
B) Metal
C) Alloy
D) Electrolyte
Ans: A

207. The mobility of electrons in a semiconductor decreases with
A) Increase in temperature
B) Decrease in temperature
C) Increase in doping
D) Increase in electric field
Ans: A

208. Ferrimagnetism is exhibited by
A) Ferrites
B) Nickel
C) Cobalt
D) Iron
Ans: A

209. In a pure semiconductor at absolute zero, the valence band is
A) Empty
B) Half-filled
C) Completely filled
D) Overlapped with conduction band
Ans: C

210. The Fermi level in intrinsic semiconductor lies
A) Close to conduction band
B) Close to valence band
C) Midway between conduction and valence band
D) At conduction band
Ans: C


211. The resistivity of intrinsic semiconductor decreases with
A) Increase in temperature
B) Decrease in temperature
C) Remains constant
D) None
Ans: A

212. Which of the following is a magnetic insulator?
A) Ferrite
B) Iron
C) Nickel
D) Cobalt
Ans: A

213. Dielectric loss occurs due to
A) Leakage current
B) Atomic polarization
C) Lag of polarization behind electric field
D) None
Ans: C

214. The atomic structure of metals is generally
A) Amorphous
B) Crystalline
C) Polycrystalline
D) None
Ans: B

215. The Hall effect is used to determine
A) Carrier type
B) Carrier density
C) Mobility
D) All of these
Ans: D

216. The resistivity of carbon is about
A) 10610^{-6} Ω-m
B) 10310^{-3} Ω-m
C) 3.5×1053.5 × 10^{-5} Ω-m
D) 3.5×1033.5 × 10^{-3} Ω-m
Ans: D

217. Which of the following materials can be magnetized permanently?
A) Soft iron
B) Hard steel
C) Silicon steel
D) Ferrite
Ans: B

218. The energy gap of silicon is
A) 0.7 eV
B) 1.1 eV
C) 1.5 eV
D) 3.0 eV
Ans: B

219. The main function of carbon in a carbon resistor is to
A) Provide strength
B) Provide resistivity
C) Provide conduction path
D) Improve insulation
Ans: B

220. The material used for capacitor dielectric in high-voltage applications is
A) Paper
B) Mica
C) Air
D) Plastic
Ans: B


221. Paramagnetic materials have susceptibility
A) > 0
B) < 0
C) = 0
D) Infinite
Ans: A

222. Magnetic moment is measured in
A) Weber
B) Ampere-meter²
C) Tesla
D) Henry
Ans: B

223. The magnetic flux density in a solenoid is proportional to
A) Current
B) Number of turns per unit length
C) Permeability
D) All of these
Ans: D

224. The conductivity of semiconductors increases with
A) Increase in temperature
B) Decrease in temperature
C) Decrease in carrier concentration
D) None
Ans: A

225. A material with partially filled conduction band is
A) Insulator
B) Conductor
C) Semiconductor
D) Dielectric
Ans: B

226. Ferroelectric materials are characterized by
A) Spontaneous polarization
B) Magnetic domain
C) High conductivity
D) None
Ans: A

227. Example of ferroelectric material is
A) BaTiO₃
B) SiO₂
C) ZnO
D) Fe₂O₃
Ans: A

228. The drift velocity of electrons depends on
A) Mobility
B) Electric field
C) Charge
D) Both A and B
Ans: D

229. A piezoelectric crystal generates voltage when subjected to
A) Heat
B) Mechanical stress
C) Electric field
D) Magnetic field
Ans: B

230. A magnetic circuit is analogous to
A) Electric circuit
B) Thermal circuit
C) Both
D) None
Ans: A


231. The best material for making thermocouple junctions is
A) Dissimilar metals
B) Similar metals
C) Alloys
D) Insulators
Ans: A

232. The resistivity of alloys is generally
A) Higher than pure metals
B) Lower than pure metals
C) Same
D) Negligible
Ans: A

233. Which of the following has highest permeability?
A) Air
B) Iron
C) Copper
D) Manganese
Ans: B

234. A dielectric material is characterized by
A) High conductivity
B) Polarization property
C) High resistivity
D) Both B and C
Ans: D

235. The remanence of a material represents
A) Residual magnetism
B) Magnetic reluctance
C) Permeability
D) Coercivity
Ans: A

236. Coercivity is the measure of
A) Energy loss
B) Retentivity
C) Demagnetizing force
D) Magnetic moment
Ans: C

237. The resistivity of intrinsic semiconductor at 0 K is
A) Zero
B) Infinite
C) Constant
D) Unpredictable
Ans: B

238. Which type of materials are best suited for transformer cores?
A) Soft magnetic
B) Hard magnetic
C) Non-magnetic
D) Superconducting
Ans: A

239. The electron mobility in semiconductors decreases when
A) Temperature increases
B) Temperature decreases
C) Electric field decreases
D) Doping decreases
Ans: A

240. The piezoelectric effect is observed in
A) Quartz
B) Copper
C) Silicon
D) Iron
Ans: A


241. The atomic number of silicon is
A) 14
B) 32
C) 28
D) 12
Ans: A

242. Diamagnetic materials are repelled by
A) Magnetic field
B) Electric field
C) Both
D) None
Ans: A

243. Electrical conductivity in electrolytes is due to
A) Electrons
B) Ions
C) Holes
D) None
Ans: B

244. The resistivity of pure metals is mainly due to
A) Lattice vibrations
B) Impurities
C) Defects
D) Temperature
Ans: A

245. The most important property for a heating element material is
A) High resistivity and high melting point
B) Low resistivity
C) Magnetic
D) Ductility
Ans: A

246. Ferromagnetism disappears above
A) Curie temperature
B) Room temperature
C) Melting point
D) Boiling point
Ans: A

247. Which of the following is a high resistivity material?
A) Nichrome
B) Silver
C) Aluminum
D) Gold
Ans: A

248. Eddy current loss is minimized by
A) Laminating the core
B) Using solid core
C) Using copper
D) Increasing thickness
Ans: A

249. The dielectric constant of mica is approximately
A) 2
B) 6
C) 20
D) 80
Ans: B

250. The conductivity of intrinsic semiconductor is
A) High
B) Low
C) Infinite
D) Zero
Ans: B


251. For N-type semiconductor, majority carriers are
A) Holes
B) Electrons
C) Ions
D) None
Ans: B

252. A perfect diamagnetic material has relative permeability
A) 1
B) < 1
C) > 1
D) Infinite
Ans: B

253. The unit of magnetic susceptibility is
A) Dimensionless
B) Tesla
C) Weber
D) Henry
Ans: A

254. Electrical steel is used in transformers because of
A) Low hysteresis loss
B) High resistivity
C) High permeability
D) All of these
Ans: D

255. A good electrical contact material should have
A) Low resistivity
B) High melting point
C) Resistance to corrosion
D) All of these
Ans: D

256. The polarization in a dielectric is directly proportional to
A) Electric field
B) Permittivity
C) Dipole moment
D) All of these
Ans: D

257. The capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor increases with
A) Increase in dielectric constant
B) Decrease in plate spacing
C) Increase in plate area
D) All of these
Ans: D

258. The drift mobility is defined as
A) Velocity per unit field
B) Current per charge
C) Conductivity per field
D) Charge per velocity
Ans: A

259. A semiconductor behaves as an insulator at
A) 0 K
B) Room temperature
C) High temperature
D) Infinite temperature
Ans: A

260. The most commonly used semiconductor material is
A) Silicon
B) Germanium
C) Gallium arsenide
D) Selenium
Ans: A


261. The energy bands in solids are due to
A) Overlapping of atomic orbitals
B) Crystal defects
C) Ionization
D) Excitation
Ans: A

262. The resistivity of metals increases due to
A) Impurities
B) Temperature
C) Dislocations
D) All of these
Ans: D

263. The insulating material for extra high voltage cables is
A) Cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE)
B) PVC
C) Mica
D) Bakelite
Ans: A

264. The superconducting transition temperature is known as
A) Critical temperature
B) Curie temperature
C) Melting point
D) Boiling point
Ans: A

265. The current density is proportional to
A) Electric field
B) Resistivity
C) Voltage
D) Power
Ans: A

266. The Lorentz force acts on
A) Moving charge in magnetic field
B) Stationary charge
C) Neutral atom
D) Static field
Ans: A

267. In ferrites, eddy current losses are small because
A) They have high resistivity
B) They are metallic
C) They are ferromagnetic
D) They are non-magnetic
Ans: A

268. The magnetization curve of soft magnetic material is
A) Narrow hysteresis loop
B) Wide hysteresis loop
C) Linear
D) Random
Ans: A

269. The unit of electric polarization is
A) C/m²
B) A/m²
C) H/m²
D) F/m²
Ans: A

270. The main constituent of glass is
A) SiO₂
B) Al₂O₃
C) CaO
D) Na₂O
Ans: A


271. Permanent magnets are made of
A) High coercivity materials
B) Low coercivity materials
C) High conductivity materials
D) Superconductors
Ans: A

272. Electrical insulators have
A) No free electrons
B) Many free electrons
C) Moderate electrons
D) Negative ions only
Ans: A

273. Which of the following has highest breakdown strength?
A) Mica
B) Paper
C) Air
D) Porcelain
Ans: A

274. The energy stored per unit volume in a magnetic field is
A) ½ BH
B) BH
C) ½ μH²
D) None
Ans: A

275. Magnetostriction effect is the change in
A) Dimension due to magnetization
B) Temperature due to magnetization
C) Weight due to field
D) None
Ans: A

276. Electrical conductivity of copper at 20°C is approximately
A) 5.8×1075.8 × 10^7 S/m
B) 1×1051 × 10^5 S/m
C) 2×1072 × 10^7 S/m
D) 9×1089 × 10^8 S/m
Ans: A

277. The basic property of a dielectric is
A) Polarization
B) Magnetization
C) Conduction
D) Superconductivity
Ans: A

278. A good insulator must have
A) High dielectric strength
B) High resistivity
C) Low loss angle
D) All of these
Ans: D

279. The unit of dielectric loss angle is
A) Radian
B) Degree
C) Dimensionless
D) Both A and B
Ans: C

280. The polarization mechanism in polar dielectrics is
A) Orientation
B) Electronic
C) Ionic
D) None
Ans: A


281. A magnetic material with large hysteresis loss is suitable for
A) Permanent magnet
B) Transformer core
C) Relay
D) None
Ans: A

282. The specific resistance is independent of
A) Shape and size
B) Temperature
C) Material
D) All
Ans: A

283. Silicon steel contains about
A) 3–4% silicon
B) 1% silicon
C) 6–8% silicon
D) 0.5% silicon
Ans: A

284. The Curie temperature for iron is approximately
A) 770°C
B) 500°C
C) 100°C
D) 300°C
Ans: A

285. The electrical energy stored in a dielectric medium is
A) ½ εE²
B) εE²
C) ½ μH²
D) None
Ans: A

286. The breakdown in a dielectric is due to
A) Excess electric stress
B) Heat
C) Chemical reaction
D) Magnetic field
Ans: A

287. High resistivity materials are used for
A) Heating elements
B) Rheostats
C) Shunts
D) Contacts
Ans: B

288. The main cause of hysteresis loss is
A) Lagging of flux behind magnetizing force
B) Eddy currents
C) Temperature
D) Resistance
Ans: A

289. A non-crystalline solid is called
A) Amorphous
B) Crystalline
C) Polycrystalline
D) None
Ans: A

290. Which is an amorphous material?
A) Glass
B) Iron
C) Copper
D) Silicon
Ans: A


291. Ferromagnetic substances lose their magnetism when
A) Heated beyond Curie temperature
B) Cooled
C) Magnetized
D) Polarized
Ans: A

292. The dielectric strength of vacuum is
A) 30 kV/cm
B) 10 kV/cm
C) 100 kV/cm
D) 3 kV/cm
Ans: A

293. Hysteresis loop area indicates
A) Energy loss per cycle
B) Permeability
C) Coercivity
D) Magnetization
Ans: A

294. Conductivity of semiconductors lies between
A) Conductors and insulators
B) Metals and ceramics
C) Dielectrics and superconductors
D) None
Ans: A

295. A conductor obeys
A) Ohm’s law
B) Kirchhoff’s law
C) Joule’s law
D) Faraday’s law
Ans: A

296. Ferroelectric materials are used in
A) Capacitors
B) Transformers
C) Inductors
D) Resistors
Ans: A

297. Magnetic flux is measured in
A) Weber
B) Tesla
C) Henry
D) Gauss
Ans: A

298. Thermal conductivity of metals is due to
A) Free electrons
B) Lattice vibrations
C) Both A and B
D) None
Ans: A

299. In dielectric heating, the power loss is proportional to
A) Frequency
B) Voltage²
C) Dielectric constant
D) All of these
Ans: D

300. For an ideal insulator, the loss tangent is
A) Zero
B) Infinity
C) Unity
D) Constant
Ans: A

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